TELANGANA: Neem trees face die-back disease spread
Telangana: Neem trees, recognised as the state tree of Andhra Pradesh, are under threat from a rapidly spreading die-back disease across the Telugu states.
Scientists at the Dr YSR Horticultural University warn that unless urgent remedial measures are taken, the species could face severe decline. They described the situation as an environmental emergency affecting biodiversity and called for a national-level mission to address the crisis.
The disease, first reported in Dehradun in Uttarakhand, is spreading through air, raising concerns over its rapid transmission.
Widespread damage across Telugu states
Around 30–40% of neem trees in the Telugu states have been affected, with nearly 20 lakh trees already under attack. Scientists estimate that about 30 lakh trees are at risk of dying.
The primary cause is a fungal pathogen, Phomopsis azadirachtae, which enters plant tissues and blocks nutrient flow from roots. Additionally, a pest known as tea mosquito bug weakens trees by sucking sap from branches.
The infection spreads easily through fruits, leading to drying of leaves, tender shoots and flowers. Branches dry from the top downward, and in severe cases, seed production stops entirely.
Immediate control measures outlined
Scientists advise identifying infected branches and cutting them at least 15 cm below the affected area. The removed parts must be burned to prevent fungal spores from spreading through air.
After pruning, trees should be sprayed with a solution containing 1 gram of carbendazim (fungicide) and 2 ml of profenofos (insecticide) per litre of water.
Burning dried neem leaves in the evening can help control the pest population. Applying neem cake and organic manure at the base can improve the tree’s immunity.
Economic and ecological significance
India accounts for over 60% of the world’s neem trees. Of the estimated 2 crore neem trees in the country, over 70 lakh are located in the Telugu states.
Each neem tree releases about 10–30 tonnes of oxygen and supports more than 200 species of insects and birds. Neem products such as oil, cake and seeds generate annual exports worth ₹100–150 crore.
Committee formed for study
A committee of senior scientists has been set up to study the disease in detail. Based on its report, a national protocol for control measures will be prepared.
“Farmers and the public must participate in controlling the disease instead of ignoring infected trees,” said Vanunjaya Rao, Vice-Chancellor of Dr YSR Horticultural University. He added that guidance is available through Krishi Vigyan Kendras or via phone and WhatsApp at 7882633022.
